3D file formats in Animation and Design

Introduction

In the evolving landscape of 3D technology, understanding the different 3D file formats is crucial for professionals in animation, game design and digital content creation. This guide explores the different types of 3D file formats, their functionalities and their optimal uses.

OBJ (.obj)

Overview: One of the oldest and most popular 3D file formats, mainly used for representing 3D geometry. It is highly compatible with various software due to its simplicity.

Benefits: Lightweight, supports multiple objects in a single file, and uses real-world units.

Ideal Use: Best for projects that require simple geometry transfers between different modeling software, without the need for animation data.

FBX (.fbx)

Overview: FBX, part of Autodesk, is versatile and supports not only 3D geometry but also animation, making it a staple in the film and gaming industries.

Benefits: Contains complex data including cameras, lighting and animations, improving usability in detailed scenes.

Ideal use: Preferred for complicated projects in 3D animation and gaming where multiple types of data must be stored across platforms.

GLTF/GLB (.gltf, .glb)

Overview: Known as the “JPEG of 3D,” it is a royalty-free format that excels in real-time applications and is optimized for web use.

Benefits: Supports modern rendering techniques such as Physically-Based Rendering (PBR) materials and is efficient in file size and speed.

Ideal Use: Excellent for web applications and projects that require fast loading times and interactive experiences .

USD/USDZ (.usd, .usdz)

Overview: Developed by Pixar and now open-source, USD is designed for complex scene descriptions, allowing exchange of 3D graphics data between different tools.

Benefits: Highly extensible, supports a range of data from geometric to full scene data and is increasingly deployed across platforms.

Ideal Use: Suitable for high-end VFX and AR applications , especially in collaborative environments where maintaining scene integrity is crucial.

CAD Formats

Overview: These formats are essential in engineering and product design, often used to maintain accurate geometric data and metadata.

Benefits: Ensures accuracy and consistency in designs that require precise specifications.

Ideal Use: Essential for engineering and architectural design projects that rely on detailed and accurate 3D models.

Additional Formats

STL (.stl) : Primarily used in 3D printing due to its ability to describe only the surface geometry of a three-dimensional object.

DAE (.dae) : Facilitates the exchange of digital assets between different graphics programs, supports a broad spectrum of 3D data.

At Phil & Flo we primarily use the OBJ and FBX formats due to their versatility and wide compatibility, making them well suited for our advanced animation and design projects. Although these formats are the most commonly used in our workflows, we can process a variety of other 3D file types. Whether you want to turn complicated designs into stunning animations or need help with a specific format, Phil & Flo will help you turn 3D designs into beautiful animated realities. Contact us !